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The History of Cosmic Ray Studies @ helios.gsfc.
nasa.gov |
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Within the borders of the Monoceros
constellation are some interesting objects such as
V838 Mon, the
Rosette Nebula, and
Hubble's Variable Nebula, |
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Rosette Nebula
.....Splendid Diffused Nebula around the head of Mon., 3600
light years away
Wide field around Rosette Nebula .....The distribution of
faint gas between 2 bodies above
Southern region of Rosette Nebula .....The distribution of
small diffused nebulae south of Rosette Nebula |
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The Dark Star |
The 'True Sun' of the Incas
Mithraists somehow believed in the existence of two suns: one
represented by the figure of the sun god, and the other by
Mithras himself as the "unconquered sun" It is thus of great
interest to note that the Mithraists were not alone in believing
in the existence of two suns, for we find in platonic circles
the concept of the existence of two suns, one being the normal
astronomical sun and the other being a so-called "hypercosmic"
sun located beyond the sphere of the fixed stars."
more @ labyrinthina.com |
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Taurus is represented in the Hall
of the Bulls in the caves at Lascaux. The paintings are some
16,500 years old. One of the painted bulls is near a cluster of
dots that looks like the
Pleiades,
and which is the correct position
over its shoulder to be that asterism. The same pattern is found
in pits in the floor, which could have been filled with oil and
lit to recreate the lights of the Pleiades inside the cave,
though there is no evidence that this actually happened. |
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Celestial Year = 25,920 years. |
| 72 years
(and 7 + 2 = 9), 2160 years (and 2 +1 +6 +0 = 9), and 25,920
years (and 2 + 5 + 9 + 2 + 0 = 18, and 1 +8 = 9).
And 25,920 divided by the divine Sumerian number 60 is
432 (and 4 + 3 + 2 = 9). |
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"Knowledge carved in stone is temporal. The
progenitors of the Ancient Egyptians carved their knowledge in
the stars so that it would never be desecrated, worn away or
lost. Their knowledge would be eternal. The progenitors of the
Ancient Egyptians were the Masons of the Heavens." |
Audrey Fletcher
ancientegypt
/royalarch |
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Sirius is a star with
a long astrological lineage, known to have been important as far back as
the Ancient Egyptians, to whom it represented the god Anubis.
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| Sidney Hall (fl
1817-60) engraver and publisher 1 |
On top of their head
they have a single horn pointing skyward, which thy use to fight
fearlessly and fiercely, but only when they cannot run away. They
believe everyone, every living being have the right to live free.
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Keep your eye on the Unicorn! |
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Plaskett's Star
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Two of
the largest suns in the known universe are tightly
orbiting each other with a period of only 14.40 days |
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Named after the Canadian astronomer J. S. Plaskett (1865-1941), who first studied its amazing properties
in 1922 (and more formally known as HR 2422 in the "Bright
Star Catalogue"). While not coming up to the "king,"
Eta Carinae, Plaskett's Star (just to the northeast of the
famed Rosette Nebula in the modern constellation
Monoceros) is still one of the most massive binaries (doubles)
known, with two hugely massive blue-white class O (as best we
can tell, O7.5 and O6)
supergiants tightly orbiting each other with a period of
only 14.40 days. The stars are so close together that it is very
difficult to disentangle their properties from each other,
though it HAS been done through observations of their
spectra as they whirl around a common center of mass. While
from the observed orbital velocities, the cooler is the less
massive (43
Suns), it is visually the brighter and is called the
"primary" (Plaskett A), the other (at 51 Suns) the "secondary" (Plaskett
B). One of the biggest problems is the distance, as Plaskett's
is too far away for any
parallax measure, so far that its light is dimmed by 1.1
magnitudes through absorption of starlight by the interstellar
dust of the
Milky Way. Plaskett's has long been considered to be part of
the Monoceros OB2 association of massive O and B stars, which
(from spectroscopy) lies 4900 light years away. But membership
in these systems is devilishly difficult to determine, and
Plaskett's may be even farther, the spectroscopic evidence
suggesting that it is as far as 6600 light years.
The stars are known for their colliding winds,
that of the primary having whittled the star down to 43 solar
masses from a birth mass of 54 solar. The primary (A) is
rotating with a projected speed 75 kilometers per second, while
the secondary is spinning much faster, the speed around 300 km/s
(for a rotation period as short as two days), that and the
surrounding mass loss rendering the system a unique sort of
"shell star." There seems to be but one fate, that both stars
will someday erupt in brilliant
supernovae.[Like the one at the left Supernova 1987A] The first one to go may well eject its mate at
high speed, or, more interesting for future astronomers, the
pair could stay together and end up as a binary
neutron star, a double
black hole, or some combination of the two. Keep your eye on
the Unicorn!
by
Jim Kaler. Return to
STARS.(Most of these data are from a paper by W. G. Bagnuolo Jr., D. R. Geis, and M. S. Wiggs that appeared in the
Astrophysical Journal, vol. 385, p. 708, 1992. |
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Plasma cosmology
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Releasing your
mind from the grip of the mechanistic
rationalists |
It is important to understand that
gravity based models were codified before space travel
and high powered telescopes. Back then our galaxy, The
Milky Way, was considered the entirety of the universe
... and electrically sterile! Instead of trying to
shoehorn what we now see into old models, Plasma
Cosmology respects the progress of the past, but is not
constrained by it. Scientific theories, by definition,
are vulnerable to being falsified. Science moves on. |
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Plasma is almost everywhere. At least
ninety-nine percent of the known universe is, in fact, matter in
its plasma state! The Sun is a giant ball of plasma.
Plasma in space consists entirely
of ions and electrons, and is thus very energetic or 'hot'. Only
when cooled does it form the matter to which we are familiar
here on Earth: solids, liquids, and gases.
Because plasma
remains electrically charged in space, it is influenced more by
electromagnetic forces than gravity. In fact space, once
considered mostly empty, has been found to be alive with plasma.
Vast flows of charged particles have been discovered spanning
hundreds-of-thousands of light years across interstellar space.
The most
familiar examples of electrical plasmas here on earth are neon
signs and lighting, television screens, and electrical arc
welding machines. Fire and Lightning are also forms of Plasma.
While conventional astronomy
maps magnetism, electric currents are excluded on the mistaken
basis that they are of no significance in space.
Working from the inertia of
this prior belief, astrophysicists have a tendency to talk in
euphemisms. 'Electron rains' and 'clouds of ionized gas' are
just two examples. From a conservative perspective these terms
might seem easier to grasp than the behavior of more ethereal
plasma, but they are, nonetheless, obfuscations. In reality we
are talking about electrodynamic phenomena.
Plasma cosmology does NOT rely
on abstract mathematical modeling or an increasing array of
exotic hypotheticals like Dark Matter and Dark Energy!
http://www.PlasmaCosmology.net/
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Winter's Great Triangle is
formed by the bright stars
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Betelgeuse,
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Sirius,
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aand Procyon |
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Monoceros
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 Winter's
Great Triangle is formed by the bright stars Betelgeuse, Sirius,
and Procyon within is the
Monoceros is on the celestial equator
between Orion and Hydra. Bordering constellations:
Canis Major ,
Canis Minor,Gemini,Hydra,Lepus,Orion,
&
Puppis
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Monoceros,
the Unicorn, is the almost invisible unicorn. It was
'officially' named in 1690 as Monoceros as European explorers
starting in the 16th century began to chart southern parts of
sky never seen from the northern hemisphere. Definitive
constellations boundaries were fixed in 1930 by the
International Astronomical Union (IAU) as constellations number
was fixed at 88. A base to today constellations are the famous
48 constellations which were recensed by the Greek astronomer
Ptolemy.
Although its dimness in the
night sky gives us no legends to pass on, it does boast of
having the two most massive stars, yet, discovered. The two
blue-giants are estimated to be some 55 times the size of the
sun, and revolve around each other. Together they are known as
Plaskett's Star, the reference I have for them, indicates that
they are located at the head of the unicorn.
Monoceros is a modern
constellation, generally supposed to have been charted by
Bartchius as Unicornus; but Olbers and Ideler indicate the
constellation is actually much older, with it appering in works
as early at 1564, and Scaliger is reported to have found it on
an ancient Persian sphere.
Scorpius is the slayer of
Orion. Sent by a. jealous Artemis, Orion was stung by
the Scorpion and caused his death. Orion could not be
saved even by Asclepius, the god of healing.
 Scorpius was also
responsible for the runaway horses of Phoebus Apollo
when Phaethon tried to drive the Chariot of the Sun, he
caused great havoc as he careened around the skies,
drying up rivers and scorching the earth.
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Our winter sky is dominated by
Orion, club raised and shield forward, he takes on the
mighty bull, Taurus. However, like every over confident
hunter, Orion seems to be unaware of the creature that
is following him, tracking his every movement across the
celestial sphere. That creature is Monoceros, the
Unicorn. Monoceros, compared to its bejewelled
neighbours is a dim constellation, often lost in the
suburban glow Joseph Scaliger is
reported to have found it on an ancient Persian sphere.
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Constellations. Monoceros
(moh-NOSS-er-us) - the Unicorn
reported found on Persian spheres |
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Canis Minor is a Plumb Rule |
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Monoceros, the
unicorn, straddles the
celestial equator. When due north, Monoceros is to the
right of Orion and below Canis Major.
It contains 66
naked-eye stars according to Argelander, — Heis says
112, — and is interesting chiefly from its many
telescopic clusters, and as being located in the Milky
Way.
Monoceros boasts the
two most massive stars yet discovered. The two blue
giants are estimated to be some 55 times the size of the
sun, and they revolve around each other. Together they
are known as Plasketts Star.
Its discovery has been
attributed to Jakob Bartsch, a German mathematician, and
son-in-law of Johannes Kepler, who brought it into
general use on as the star charts expanded with the
European exploration of the southern hemisphere and the
telescope. However the Persians had it on their
spheres much earlier according to Joseph Scaliger.
The Constellation
of Monoceros, the Unicorn, forms the Square and
Compasses. The Square is at 90 degrees and the
Compasses at 55 degrees. In Ancient Egypt the Plumb Rule
was called a Merkhet. The Merkhet was used in
conjunction with a Plumb Line to measure the positions
of stars and their corresponding positions on the ground
in Egypt. |
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Plaskett's Star |
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Orbit period of
Plaskett A and B: 14.40 days
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Space between Plaskett A and B: 0.5 AU
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6600 light-years from
earth is
Plaskett's Star or HD 47129 is
a narrow double of two
blue supergiants beyond
their main-sequence stadium. Both have strong
stellar winds which collide in the middle and
produce a cloud around the stars.
TThe smaller one (A) is optically brighter, probably
because much light of the bigger one is absorbed by
the cloud. |
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Photo: ESO Online Digitized Sky Survey/font> |
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In early 2002, an
innocuous star in the Monocero constellation,
suddenly brightened and was briefly the most
luminous star in the Milky Way. But rather than
being a classical nova, it evolved into a luminous,
cool supergiant producing 'light echoes'.
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What does it all mean?
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A symbol can always
be studied from an infinite number of points of view; and each
thinker has the right to discover in the symbol a new meaning
corresponding to the logic of his own conceptions. Symbols are
precisely intended to awaken ideas sleeping in our
consciousness. They arouse a thought by means of suggestion and
thus cause the truth which lies hidden in the depths of our
spirit to reveal itself. In order that symbols could speak, it
is essential that we should have in ourselves the germs of the
ideas, the revelation of which constitutes the mission of the
symbols. But no revelation whatever is possible if the mind is
empty, sterile and inert. By their very nature, symbols must
remain elastic, vague and ambiguous, like the sayings of an
oracle. Their role is to unveil mysteries, leaving the mind all
its freedom.
(P.D.
Ouspensky, A New
Model of the Universe, p. 217.) |
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Why does the earth wobble?
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The Dark Star Theory of
Carnaval
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The Egyptians
chose five epagomenal days to fill the annual 360 days calendar.
They tied the rising of Sirius to these five days. In addition
they connected the birth houses of Osiris, Horus the Elder,
Seth, Isis, and Nephthys to Orion, Auriga, Lepus, Canis Major,
and Canis Minor. Egypt, being Taurus, completed the circle of
constellations at the intersection of the Milky Way and the
ecliptic, and completed the calendar with this ritual which must
be counted among the great Carnaval traditions of antiquity. |
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Surrounded by the constellations
of Canis Major, Canis Minor, Gemini, Hydra, Lepus, Orion, and
Puppis, Monoceros is an extraordinary constellation that garners
little attention because it lacks any particularly well-known
bright stars. which surrounds R Mon. Hence, the unicorn
seems to be a fitting mythical character to portray this
constellation. |
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Unicorn of Scotland.
(The unicorn is chained because in mediaeval times a free
unicorn was considered a very dangerous beast (only a virgin
could tame a unicorn)King James VI of Scotland succeeded
Elizabeth I when she died childless in 1603, effectively uniting
Scotland and England beneath one rule. The Scottish Royal Arms
had up to that point used two unicorns as shield supporters. The
English Arms had used a variety of supporters, but most
frequently had included a lion. In a tactful gesture then, he
placed a lion upon the left of the new Arms, and a unicorn upon
the right. This was a potent bit of symbolism, for both the lion
and the unicorn had long been thought to be deadly enemies: both
regarded as king of the beasts, the unicorn rules through
harmony while the lion rules through might, It came to symbolise
a reconciliation between the Scottish unicorn and the English
lion that the two should share the rule. |
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French for ‘God and my right’ motto was first used by
King Richard I in 1198
and the motto of the Order of the Garter:
Honi soit qui mal y pense
('Evil to him who evil thinks') |
On the Coat-of-Arms, the belt
surrounding the shield; with which the people were to gird up
their loins with great strength; has written on it, "Honi soit
qui mal y pense".
"Honi soit qui mal y pense" is Old French and it is one of God's
rules concerning His advice and Divine-Justice and means "Evil
be to him who thinks it".
Under it, in French, is written "Dieu et Mon Droit" - "God and
My Right" |
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Blue Stars
Leo to the Egyptians, was the
place the Sun rose after creation (near Denebola) and so was
called Domicilium Solis, the badge of fire and heat, or the
House of the Sun.
Leo is the Nemean Lion from
the Moon who was sent by Hera to slay Hercules. As Hercules
first labor, he killed the lion by strangling it with his bare
hands. Hercules wore the skin, which made him invincible. When
Hercules died, the lion was returned to the celestial heavens
with Hercules. |
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Hubble's Variable Nebula, |
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Blue Stars: With more than three
and up to 150 solar masses a star shines blue - the bigger and
hotter the more intensive. These stars burn their fuel much
quicker than their smaller fellows and for this are much more
luminous. After a few to a few hundred million years they leave
the main sequence and, except the most biggest, become red
giants or supergiants. |
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Open clusters of
Monoceros |
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Open clusters are the most
easily seen type in a small telescope or binoculars |
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Messier 50
in Monoceros is a fine open
cluster first discovered by Cassini around 1711, but had to be
re-discovered by Messier in 1772. M50 is 2,900 light years
away, 14 light years in diameter, and has a luminosity of 6,400
of our suns |
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NGC 2264
commonly known as the
"Christmas Tree" cluster is located in the constellation of
Monoceros. To see the tree it is necessary to view the image
lying on your side (sorry for this). The stars of this cluster
are embedded in an extensive but tenuous nebulosity and traces
of this can be seen "trimming" the tree. The dark, "Cone
nebula" can be seen at the "top" of the tree to the right of the
image |
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Mosaic of Taurus-Orion-Monoceros Region @phys.vt.edu/
[Virginia Tech]
H-alpha intensities using a non-linear transformation to
grayscales |
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Eta Car: the brightest star |
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Eta Car is one of the sky's prime candidates to
become a
supernova, the result of nuclear burning to an iron core,
which collapses and blows the star apart. Indeed, it may become
a "hypernova," one of a kind that produces a powerful burst of
gamma rays similar to those seen coming from ultradistant
galaxies billions of light years away. Keep your eye to the
southern sky, for (at least on an astronomical time-scale) Eta
Car is not long for this Galaxy.
Extremely massive stars are key astronomical objects, as they
play a role in chemical enrichment and galactic evolution. They
mark the end of their stellar lives as supernovae explosions in
which a single supernova can equal the entire radiant output of
a galaxy of a billion stars. Alarmingly, the Milky Way possesses
one possible member of this putative class, the massive,
luminous, and relatively nearby star, Eta Carinae. Eta Carinae
is both an extremely massive star and an extremely unstable one.
It's notorious for erupting in the mid-19th century, and is
surrounded by the ejecta from this eruption. |
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